Unit 1-3阶段性测试
一、单项选择。(20分)
( )1. --- Have you got ________online friend?
--- Yes, she’s a girl from ________UK.
A. a; the B. an; / C. an; the D. a; the
( )2. ---Where is Mr. Wang?
---He together with his students __________Zhuyuwan Park.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C.have been to D. has been to
( )3. ---When will A Bite of China II begin tonight?
---It ___________ for ten minutes.
A. will begin B. has begun C. will be on D. has been on
( )4. ---Have you ever traveled abroad?
---Sure. I in a small town in the USA with my grandparents.
A. used to live B. was used to living C. was used to live D. didn’t use to live
( )5.--I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.
--Oh, how nice! Do you know when he ?
A. left B. was leaving C. has left D. had left
( )6. --- Have you finished your work? --- ________. I’m still working on it.
A. Yes, already B. Not yet C. Yes, ever D. No, never
( )7.--There are many theatres___the island.
--Yes, Broadway is the southern end of the island..
A. at; at B. on; on C. at; on D. on; at
( )8. --- Do you mind me sitting beside you?--- . The seat is for my sister.
A. Of course not B. Better not C. Yes,a little D. Yes, I do
( )9. --- Thanks for booking the ticket for me?--- _____________.
A. My pleasure B. With pleasure C. Never mind D. That’s right
( ) 10. Where have you been? It's two years_______ I saw you last time.
A. if B. when C. until D. since
( )11. —____________ my glasses? I can’t read without them.
—I ____________ them on the desk just now, but they are not there now.
A. Have you seen; have seen B. Have you seen; saw
C. Did you see; have seen D. Did you see; saw
( )12. ---_________has your English teacher taught here?---Since 15 years ago.
A. How long B. How often C. When D. How far
( )13. ---I’ve read that book. The story of the ugly man really _______me.---Me too.
A. touched B. noticed C. guided D. gathered
( )14. ---Will you please show me how to start an online tour?
---OK, now let me tell you ________first.
A. why to do B. what to do C. when to do D. how to do
( )15.---Mum, must I finish my homework now?
---No，you .You may finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
( ) 16. —Would you like to tell us something about Singapore?
—All right. Singapore, an island country, ___a main island and some smaller islands.
A. is made up of B. is made from C. is made of D. is made into
( ) 17. —When did your father ____ your mother? —15 years ago.
A. marry B. get married with C. marry with D. marry to
( )18. My son has gone abroad for further study, I can’t stop him.
A. minding B. thinking C. clicking D. missing
( )19. Zhenjiang is famous Zhenjiang Hengshun vinegar(醋). It famous for over a century.
A. as; has become B. for; has become C. as; has been D. for; has been
( )20. I haven’t seen Peter for years. He the army (军队) years ago.
A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. has been
二、完形填空（15分）
Anna and I are good friends since we were children. When she was young, her family was very 1 . So she often helped me. But two years ago, her family got into 1 because of a terrible accident. They had no money. Anna was very 3 . To cheer her up, I always try my best to 4 her. One day she said she was inviting me to have lunch. On the way, I began to worry: she had no money, 5 if I offered to 6 ,I would hurt her.
When we arrived at a small 7 , Anna told me to sit and drink coffee by the window. Then she went into the 8 .After about 30 minutes, she came out and 9 with me. She just paid for one meal and we started to 10 the delicious food together. She told me that the restaurant let people 11 for a meal if they had no money. To my surprise, Anna had work in the kitchen as a volunteer.
I still 12 the beautiful afternoon I shared with Anna. I’m still thinking that life cannot be 13 to us. But we can still do 14 for our friends and neighbors. The world will be nicer if everybody would like to share happiness with 15 . It will never be dark if there is a little light in everyone’s heart.
( )1.A. rich B. big C. hard D. far
( )2.A. bus B. trouble C. nothing D. surprise
( )3.A. smart B. happy C. strong D. sad
( )4.A. tell B. hurt C. help D. heat
( )5.A. but B. or C. and D. for
( )6.A. pay B. eat C. go D. give
( )7.A. park B. hotel C. office D. restaurant
( )8.A. station B. bathroom C. kitchen D. school
( )9.A. sat B. played C. studied D. lived
( )10.A. divide B. enjoy C. clean D. sell
( )11.. A. look B. wait C. work D. ask
( )12.A. hate B. worry C. know D. remember
( )13.A. hard B. easy C. poor D. bad
( )14.A. all B. something C. cooking D. housework
( )15. A. classmates B. families C. relatives D. others
三、阅读理解（30分）
阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
These days many students like to make friends online. Most of them think it's interesting to know an unknown person through the Internet. So, many students like to use computers to talk with those friends. And they spend too much time on it. Some of them can not do well in their school work. Their parents often don’t think the children are as good as before. So many teachers and parents are worried about their children.
In fact, only very few of them can get real good friends in this way. Most of them were cheated by those unseen friends. And some of the students did wrong things online. It’s terrible for students to use too much time to make friends and talk online.
So we should be careful of making friends online and should not spend too much time on it. We’d better pay more attention to study. We will be really happy when we do well in school and at home.
（ ）1. Many students like to make friends online because __________________.
A. they are interested in it B. they can learn better in this way
C. they always get real friends in this way D. their parents worry about them
（ ）2. Many teachers and parents are worried about their children because __________.
A. the students don’t work so hard as before
B. the students spend too much time chatting with online friends
C. the students think lessons are less interesting than before
D. all of above
（ ）3. _________ of the students can get real friends online.
A. All B. Many C. Some D. Few
（ ）4. Most of them were cheated by those unseen friends. Here “cheated” means_____.
A. 聊天 B. 欺骗 C. 恩惠 D. 鞭打
（ ）5. Which of the following is right?
A. We should never make friends online.
B. It’s necessary for us to talk with our online friends every day.
C. It’s really happy that we students do well in school and at home.
D. Making online friends is more important than study.
B
If you like shopping and you are crazy about fashion, London is a good place for you. In London you can buy not only the most expensive clothes, but also beautiful clothes which are inexpensive.
Many of the world's most famous fashion designers have their own shops in London. And every year in February and September, there is an important fashion event. It is called London Fashion Week and people all over the world come here and enjoy England's wonderful new clothes. Usually the clothes are sold at a high price. The clothes are always in style. In the 1960s, a fashion designer Mary Quant invented the miniskirt. It made her famous all around the world. Later, in the 1970s, came "punk" fashion.
Outside London there are some shopping centres as well. In the shopping streets of most towns have a Market Day. On that day, some of the streets are filled with stalls selling food, flowers, dressess, hats，bags, and many other different things. The clothes there are always at a low
price. Nearly everybody can afford them.
( )6. When did "punk" fashion become popular?
A. In the 1950s. B. In the 1960s. C. In the 1970s. D. In the 1980s.
( )7. On a Market Day, we_______ in the streets.
A. can buy flowers, hats and bags from stalls B. cannot buy food from the stalls
C. can buy some clothes at a high price D. can't find the stalls which sell flowers
( )8. What does the underlined word "afford" mean in Chinese?
A. 购买 B. 收购 C. 负担得起 D. 支付不起
( )9. After reading the passage. we can know _______.
A. who organized the last London Fashion Week B. who invented the miniskirt
C. why "punk" fashion was in style D. when Mary Quant was born
( )10. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Stalls selling clothes B. Clothes in fashion C. London Fashion Week D. Shopping in London
C
A trip to China Dinosaur Park
Last summer, my family and I went on a trip to the China Dinosaur Park in Changzhou by bus. The one-hour trip seemed very long. We arrived at the park at about 9 a.m.
There were many fun places for us to choose from. We first went to the Crazy Firedrake（喷火龙）Drill. When I looked at the giant yellow machine, I wasn't afraid at all, But when I was really on it, I felt a little nervous. First, the machine took us to the highest point. We all screamed（尖叫） "Ah". 1 dared（敢）not look down. Then it turned around fast and moved very quickly at the same time. The wind was so strong that I couldn't open my eyes. I felt as if I would fall down. 1 couldn't stop screaming through the whole ride. It only moved for a few minutes, but it seemed to be many hours. When the game ended, I was too frightened to walk.
Later we took part in the game called “Crossing Jurassic（侏罗纪）”. After waiting for half an hour, we got into a boat. The boat went into a tall building. It was dark around us. There were many model dinosaurs on both sides. They looked like the real ones. From time to time. the model dinosaurs made some frightening shouts, which sounded terrible. The game ended with a sudden rush from a very high place into a big pool. What an exciting experience!
（ ）71.When did the writer get on the bus?
A. 9 a.m. B. About 8 a.m. C. About 9 a.m. D. About 10 a.m.
（ ）72. When the writer looked at the giant yellow machine, he .
A. wasn't afraid B. was too frightened C. was excited D. was nervous
（ ）73. What did the writer do when the machine took him to the highest point?
A. The writer cried. B. The writer screamed.
C. The writer looked down. D. The writer did nothing.
（ ）74. From the text, we can know that the game called "Crossing Jurassic" is a trip.
A. bus B. train C. coach D. boat
（ ）75. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The yellow machine turned around fast and moved quickly at the same time.
B. The first game moved for a long time.
C. There were many real dinosaurs in the park.
D. The second game began with a sudden rush from a very high place into a big lake.
四、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空：（15分）
1. Everyone was attracted by the natural _______（beautiful）.
2. These handbags are their __________（wife）.
3. My brother often uses his iPad___________（search）for information.
4. She ____________（borrow）this book for two weeks.
5.Would you mind my (return) the guide book to Jimmy’s wife next Wednesday?
6. It has been famous for its theatres since the early ____________ century. (twenty)
7. I will fly to Shanghai on ____________next week. (busy)
8.They have been used to _____in touch with each other by sending and receiving emails. (keep)
9. She looked _______ at me when I told her a lie. (direct)
10.There ___________(be) great changes in China during the past 30 years.
11.The castles all over France used to be those _________(rule).
12.For ___________(far) information, you can you can visit our website.
13.Tom __________(write) three novels up to now.
14.The Summer Holiday we are looking forward to (arrive) already.
15. (south) cities have much more rain than northern cities in China.
五、句型转换：（10分）
1. The film started ten minutes ago.(同义句)
The film _________ _________for ten minutes.
2. She stayed at home yesterday afternoon because it rained heavily.（改成同义句）
She stayed at home yesterday afternoon ________ ________ the ________ rain.
3. John's grandfather died ten years ago.（同义句转换）
John's grandfather _______ _______ since ten years ago.
4．Why did you ask that question? (改为同义句)
did you ask that question ?
5. To read English in the morning is very important. (改为同义句)
______ very important _____ read English in the morning.
6.We haven’t seen the film star because of too many people.(对划线部分提问)
____ _____ you seen the film star ?
7.I bought my first dictionary when I was ten. (改为同义句)
I have _________ my first dictionary ________ I was ten.
8. We have already finished our report about the changes to our hometown.(改否定句)
We our report about the changes to our hometown .
六、完成句子(10分）
1.妈妈离开家快一个月了，我盼望尽快看见她。
Mum __________from home for nearly a month. I am_________seeing her as soon as possible.
2. 顺便问一下，你为什么害怕坐摩天轮呢?
____________, why are you afraid of riding the Ferris wheel?
3. 这条鱼已经死了三个小时了。
The fish __________________.
4.悉尼歌剧院是世界上最美丽的建筑之一，它看起来像一艘有许多帆的轮船。
The Sydney Opera House is one of_____________buildings. It looks like_____________sails.
5.纽约时代广场是另一个参观的好去处，新年前夕许多人聚集在此迎接新年到来。
Times Square in New York is another______________. Many people gather there_________ on New Year’s Eve
6.—你曾经梦想过没有护照去环游世界吗？—是的，你可以通过在线旅行实现你的梦想。
--Have you ever__________________without passports?
—Yes, you can_____________________by taking an online tour.
七、任务型阅读（20分）
Do you live in a city? Do you know how cities began? Long long ago, there were only a few thousand people in the world. These people moved from place to place. They moved over the land, hunting（打猎）animals for food.
A long time passed. These people began growing crops. No one knows how or when those people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives changed, they did not have to move houses any more.
They could stay in one place and grow it. People began to live near each other. And so the first villages grew. Many people came to work in the villages. These villages grew bigger and bigger. Then people had machines, and lives in the villages changed again. They built fac
tories. So the villages grew into cities. Some of them grew very big.
1. How many people were there in the world long long ago?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. When didn’t people have to move houses any more ?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the villages grow into after people built factories?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Why did people move from place to place long long ago?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Who knows when people learned about growing food?
_________________________________________________
B
（Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork. It can make you confident when you are studying. But unluckily, most students don’t know how to take notes.
If your teacher writes notes on the blackboard, that’s great. You can copy them or write down the most important facets of all in class. Different teachers do things differently. For example, some teachers may focus on (关注) lots of dates and facts in class, but they only write the important ones on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat them.
Don’t try to write down every word in class, or you might miss some important points. Some students really learn better with the help of these notes.
Don’t be afraid to ask your teacher to repeat what you’ve missed. If your teacher speaks too fast and you can’t follow what he is saying, you can ask him after class.
Comparing(对比)your notes with your classmates’ can be good for your learning. It can also help you and your classmates correct some mistakes.
Note-taking also needs organization. Keep notes for each subject in one place, so that you can find everything easily when a test comes.
Good note-taking takes time. If you decide to recopy your notes every evening, you’ll surely have less time to watch TV. But you’ll save time in the coming test.
根据上面短文内容填空
1．Note-taking can help you ___________ all your schoolwork and ______________ when you are studying.
2.Different teachers do things differently. Some of them like to tell their students many dates and facts but they only _____________ on the blackboard; others may repeat them instead of _______.
3.If you miss some important points or can’t follow your teacher in class, don’t ___________to ask him or just compare your notes with___________.
4. Surely, you won’t _____________ to watch TV if you decide to ______________every evening.
5. This passage mainly tells students__________.
Unit 1-3阶段性测试答案
一、 单项选择。(20分)
1～5 CADAA 6～10 BDBAD11～15 BAABD 16～20 AADDA
二、完形填空
1～5 ABDCA 6～10 ADCAB 11～15 CDBBD
三、阅读理解
1～5 ADDBC 6～10. CACBD 11～15 BABDA
四、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空：（15分）
1.beauty 2.wives’ 3.to search 4.has kept 5.returning 6.twentieth 7.business
8. keeping 9.directly 10.have been 11.rulers’ 12.further 13.has written
14. has arrived 15. Southern
五． 1 has been on 2 because of ;heavy 3 has been dead 4 what ;for 5 It’s ; to 6 Why haven’t 7 had, since 8 haven’t finished ;yet
六、完成句子：
1.has been away, looking forward to
2.By the way
3.has been dead for three hours
4.the world’s most beautiful, a ship with a lot of
5.good place to visit, to welcome the new year
6.travelled around the world, realize your dream
七、任务型阅读
1.（only）a few thousand
2. When/ After people learned about growing food.
When / After people began growing crops.
3. cities
4. To hunt animals for food
5. Noboday./ No one.
B) 1.do well in;make you confident
2.write the important ones;write something
3.be afraid to;your classmates’
4.have much time;recopy your notes
5.how to take-notes well
1．下列温度最接近23 ℃的是( C ) A．人体的正常体温 B．北方冬季的平均气温 C．让人感觉温暖、舒适的房间温度 D．冰水混合物的温度2．当温度发生变化时，物质的状态通常会发生变化。下列现象中物态变化判断正确的是( C ) A．初秋的早晨，草叶上出现的晶莹剔透的露珠属于固态变为液态现象 B．晒在太阳下的湿衣服变干是气态变为液态现象 C．擦在皮肤上的酒精很快变干是液态变为气态现象 D．初冬树上的霜是液态变为固态现象3．下面是四位同学用温度计测水温的实验操作过程，其中正确的是( C )4．在测量水的温度时，甲、乙、丙三位同学按如图所示方法读数，正确的是__乙__，水的温度是__42__℃，温度计的工作原理是利用液体的__热胀冷缩__。5．摄氏温度规定，在标准大气压下，沸水的温度为( B ) A.120 ℃ B.100 ℃ C.90 ℃ D.80 ℃6.下列温度值最接近实际的是( B ) A．健康成年人的体温是39 ℃ B．让人感觉温暖而舒适的室内温度是25 C．洗澡时淋浴的适宜水温是60 ℃第一节 物态变化与温度 D．在一个标准大气压下盐水的凝固点是0 ℃7．下面分别表示几位同学在“练习用温度计测液体的温度”实验中的做法，正确的是( D )8．如图所示的温度计，关于它的说法正确的是( D ) A．该温度计是根据固体热胀冷缩的原理制成的 B．在使用该温度计测量物体温度时，可以离开被测物体读数 C．该温度计的量程是20 ℃～100 ℃ D．该温度计此时的示数约为21 ℃9.如图所示是实验室常用温度计，关于它的说法正确的是( A ) A．该温度计的示数为39 ℃ B．该温度计的分度值是0.1 ℃ C．常用温度计是根据固体热胀冷缩的原理制成的 D．在使用该温度计测量物体温度时，可以离开被测物体读数10．物质通常有三种状态：__固__态、__液__态和__气__态。在1个标准大气压下5 ℃的酒精、氢气、铁三种物质中，有固定的体积和形状的是__铁__，既没有固定的体积又没有固定的形状的是__氢气__。11．把①糖、②醋、③白雾、④碗、⑤勺子、⑥味精、⑦水蒸气、⑧二氧化碳、⑨干冰按物质的状态进行分类：属于气态的是__⑦⑧__；属于液态的是__②③__；属于固态的是__①④⑤⑥⑨__。(均填序号)12．气象学里的平均气温是一日当中的2时、8时、14时、20时这四个时刻气温的平均值，若某地某日这四个时刻的气温如图所示，则此地的最高气温是__5 ℃__，最低气温是__－2 ℃__，一天的温差为__7 ℃__，平均气温是__1.25 ℃__。13．在寒冷的冬天，河面上结了一层厚厚的冰，若冰面上方气温是－10 ℃，那么，下列说法中正确的是( A ) A．冰的上表面为－10 ℃，下表面是0 ℃ B．整个冰层的温度都是－10 ℃ C．整个冰层的温度都是0 ℃ D．冰层下表面的温度是－10 ℃14.科学家发明了一种世界上最小的温度计“碳纳米管温度计”。研究人员在长约10－6米，直径10－7米的碳纳米管中充入液态的金属镓，当温度升高时，管中的金属镓会膨胀，通过电子显微镜就可读出温度值。其测量范围为18 ℃～490 ℃，且精确度高，可用于检查电子线路是否异常毛细血管的温度等许多方面。根据以上信息，你认为下列推测错误的是( C )A．碳纳米管的体积在18 ℃～490 ℃之间随温度变化很小，可忽略不计B．金属镓的熔点很低，沸点很高C．金属镓的体积在18℃～490℃之间随温度变化很小，可忽略不计D．金属镓的体积在18℃～490℃之间随温度变化比较均匀15如图所示，甲是体温计，乙是实验室用温度计，它们都是利用液体__热胀冷缩__的性质制成的。可用来测沸水温度的是__乙__；没有甩过的体温计的读数是38℃，用两支这样的体温计给两个病人测体温，如果病人的体温分别是37.3℃和38.6℃，则这两支体温计的读数将分别是__38__℃和__38.6__℃。16．如图所示是小明同学设计的一个气体温度计的示意图。瓶中装的是气体，瓶塞不漏气，弯管中间有一段液柱。(1)这个温度计是根据__气体__的热胀冷缩来测量温度的。(2)将此装置放在室内，温度升高时液柱向__左__(选填“左”或“右”)移动。(3)若放到冰水混合物中，液柱处的刻度应标__0__℃。(4)该温度计测量温度时__会__(选填“会或“不会”)受到大气压的影响17．有一只刻度均匀，但实际测量不准确的温度计，把它放在冰水混合物中，示数是4 ℃；把它放在1标准大气压下的沸水中，示数是94 ℃。把它放在某种液体中时，示数是22 ℃，则该液体的实际温度是__20 ℃__，当把该温度计放入实际温度为40 ℃的温水中时，温度计的示数为___40 ℃__。第四节 地球上的水循1．水是生命的乳汁、经济的命脉，是自然界奉献给人类的宝贵资源。下列关于地球上的水循环和水资源，认知正确的是( A )A．水循环的过程伴随着水的物态变化过程B．水循环按照固态→液态→气态的固定顺序循环进行C．地球上的淡水大约占地球总水量的3%，淡水资源丰富D．大量开采地下水，对环境不会造成损害，可以解决部分地区饮水问题2．霜、露、雾、冰、“白气”中，由液化而形成的是( C ) A．霜、雾、“白气” B．霜、露、“白气” C．露、雾、“白气” D．露、雾、冰3．冬天晾在室外的湿衣服里的水会结成冰，但是冰冻的湿衣服也能晾干，这是因为__衣服上的冰升华成水蒸气了__。4．有下列物态变化：①洒在地上的水慢慢变干的过程；②放入衣箱中的樟脑球变小的过程；③冬天室内的水蒸气在玻璃窗上形成“冰花”的过程；④出炉的钢水变成钢锭的过程。其中属于凝华的是__③__，属于吸热过程的是__①②__(填写序号)。5.有一天，雨、露、冰、雪四姐妹在一起争论自己的出生由来，谁也不认同谁。下列她们的说法中，你认为正确的是( C )A．雨说：我是水汽化而来B．露说：我是水蒸气凝华而来C．冰说：我是水凝固而来D．雪说：我是水升华而来6.对下列现象的成因解释正确的是( D ) A．早春，河中的冰逐渐消融——汽化 B．盛夏，剥开包装纸后冰棒会冒“白气”——熔化 C．深秋，清晨的雾在太阳出来后散去——液化 D．严冬，堆起的雪人逐渐变小——升华7.下列有关物态变化的叙述中正确的是( D ) A．蒸发和沸腾在任何温度下都能发生 B．烧水时在壶口上方看到的“白气”是水蒸气 C．衣柜里的樟脑丸逐渐减少是汽化现象 D．霜的形成是凝华现象，放出热量8.以下常见的物态变化实例中，放热的是( C ) A．春天，冰雪消融 B．夏天，积水干涸 C．秋天，草木上出现了霜 D．冬天，冰冻的衣服变干9.下列有关物态变化的判断，正确的是( C ) A．擦在皮肤上的酒精很快变干，是升华现象，需要吸热 B．夏天会看到冰棒周围冒“白气”，是汽化现象，需要吸热 C．秋天的早晨花草上出现小露珠，是液化现象，需要放热 D．寒冷的冬天室外飘起了雪花，是凝固现象，需要放热10．关于自然界的水循环，下列说法中正确的是( C ) A．水蒸气在高空遇冷吸热液化成小水珠 B．冰山上的积雪只能先熔化，再蒸发成水蒸气升腾至空中 C．江河湖海中的水吸热蒸发成水蒸气升腾至空中 D．积雪放热熔化成水归入大海11.英国科学家研发出一种“激光橡皮”。在激光照射下，纸张上的黑色碳粉直接__升华__(填物态变化名称)为高温碳蒸气，字迹消失；经过特殊冷却装置，高温碳蒸气又直接__凝华__成碳粉。这样，废纸和碳粉重新得到了利用，可有效地节约资源并保护环境。12．夏天，从冰箱中取出饮料瓶，可观察到瓶子表面有小水珠，擦干后很快又形成，这个过程中发生的物态变化是__液化__；南极地区年平均气温是－25 ℃，降水量很小，但这里的空气却很湿润，这是由于冰发生了升华现象，升华过程需要__吸热__(选填“吸热”或“放热”)。13．随着科技的发展，过去“呼风唤雨”的神话已成为现实。人工降雨的原理是用飞机在空中喷洒干冰(固态二氧化碳)，干冰在空气中迅速吸热__升华__，使周围空气温度急剧下降，空气中的水蒸气遇冷__凝华__成小冰粒，冰粒逐渐变大而下落，下落过程中遇到暖气流就__熔化__成水滴，水滴降落就形成了雨。(均填物态变化名称)14．农谚说“霜前冷，雪后寒”，其中蕴含的道理是：气温低的时候水蒸气会__凝华__形成霜，雪熔化形成水的过程中需要__吸__热。15．阳光照射下，海洋、陆地上的水会不断地__汽化__成水蒸气；夜间气温降低时，水蒸气会__液化__成小水珠，附着在空气中的浮尘上，形成了雾。冬天，夜晚气温如迅速降到0 ℃以下，你家窗户的玻璃上会形成一层冰花，这是水蒸气__凝华__而成的，这层冰花在你家窗户玻璃的__内侧__(选填“外侧”或“内侧”)。16．某同学在探究物态变化的实验中，在试管中放入少量碘。塞紧盖子放入热水中，观察到试管中固态碘逐渐消失，变为紫色的碘蒸气并充满试管。(1)此过程固态碘发生的物态变化是__升华__(填物态变化名称)。(2)在上述实验中，小明同学猜想：固态碘是先变成液体，再变成气体，因为速度太快，液态碘出现的时间太短，因而没有观察到。为验证猜想，他查询了一些小资料：碘的熔点是113.5 ℃；碘的沸点是184.4 ℃；水的沸点是100 ℃。请你根据上述资料分析说明小明的猜想是错误的原因：__热水温度低于碘的熔点，碘不可能熔化__。(3)为了进一步探究此类现象，小明在试管中放入适量温水，然后放入一小块干冰(固态二氧化碳)，此时观察到水中有大量气泡产生，同时水面上有大量白雾。水中大量的气泡是由__干冰升华吸热__形成的。水面上大量的白雾是由__水蒸气遇冷液化__形成的17．有霜的季节，农作物常被冻坏，这就是人们常说的遭到霜冻。实际上，农作物不是因为霜而受冻的，0 ℃以下的低气温才是真正的凶手。当空气干燥时，即使温度降低到－20 ℃～－10 ℃，也不会出现霜，但此时农作物早就被冻坏了，农民们称这种情况为“黑霜”。(1)霜是由__水蒸气__直接变为小冰晶形成的，对应的物态变化名称是__凝华__。(2)请根据短文，对“霜”形成的条件提出猜想。猜想：霜的形成条件是__空气湿润__和__气温在0 ℃以下__。(3)某同学为验证上述猜想，做了如下实验：从冰箱取出一些－10 ℃的冰块，放在不锈钢杯子里，一段时间后可看到在杯底出现一些白色的小冰晶(即霜)。你认为该实验能否验证上述猜想，请简要陈述理由第三节 汽化和液1．下列措施中，能使蒸发加快的是( D )A．给播种后的农田覆盖地膜B．把新鲜的蔬菜装入保鲜袋中C．把盛有酒精的瓶口盖严D．给湿头发吹热风2．下列哪一种现象属于液化？( C )A．钢水浇铸成火车轮B．倒在地上的水一会儿变干了
C．清晨，草的叶子上有露水凝结D．用久了的灯泡的钨丝比新时3．如图是对一定质量的水持续加热过程中温度随加热时间变化的图像，由图像可知：水的沸点是__98__℃；水在沸腾过程中，需要不断__吸热__(选填“吸热”或“放热”)，其温度__保持不变__。第3题图题图4．如图是草叶上出现的露珠，露珠的形成是__液化__现象，形成的过程中需要__放__(选填“吸”或“放”)热。5．张家界景区雨后云雾缭绕，犹如仙境。关于雾，下列说法中正确的是( D ) A．雾是水蒸气 B．雾是山中冒出来的烟 C．雾是水蒸气凝固形成的 D．雾是水蒸气液化形成的6.人游泳上岸以后，风一吹感觉身上很凉。这是因为( C )A．水中的温度比岸上的气温高B．人的皮肤产生的错觉C．人身上的水分蒸发，要从人体吸热D．风把身上的热量带走了．下列说法正确的是( B ) A．春天，早晨经常出现大雾，是汽化现象 B．夏天，从冰箱中取出的易拉罐过一会儿表面出现水珠，是液化现象C．深秋，枯草上出现的霜，是凝固现象
D．冬天，窗玻璃上会出现冰花，是汽化现象8.如图甲、乙所示，是在“探究水的沸腾”实验时，两组同学分别安装的实验装置，图丙是他们根据实验数据绘制的水的温度跟时间的关系图像。根据有关信息，下列说法中正确的是( C )A．图线a对应的是乙实验中的数据B．图线b对应的是甲实验中的数据C．水的沸点跟水的多少无关D．到100 ℃时温度不再上升是因为水不再吸热9.夏天，人们常吃雪糕解暑，剥开雪糕包装纸时，雪糕周围冒“白气”，下列说法正确的是( C ) A．吃雪糕解暑，是因为雪糕熔化时要放热 B．吃雪糕解暑，是因为雪糕汽化时要放热 C．雪糕周围冒“白气”是液化现象 D．雪糕周围冒“白气”是汽化现象10．下列关于水沸腾的实验说法正确的是( B ) A．水沸腾时冒出的“白气”是水蒸气 B．水的沸点随气压的降低而降低 C．水沸腾的现象只发生在液体的表面 D．水沸腾后继续加热，水的温度会不断升高11.取一只大的注射器吸进适当的乙醚，用橡皮帽堵住注射器的小孔，向拉活塞到一定的程度时，液体乙醚消失的现象称为__汽化__；向里推活塞，一会儿观察到液态乙醚出现的现象称为__液化__。12.如图所示，用酒精灯对装有水的烧瓶加热一段时间后，发现烧瓶中水量减少，这是由于水__汽化__造成的，而瓶口上方的金属盘底部出现水滴是由于水蒸气发生__液化__形成的，该变化过程需要__放__热。(前两空均填物态变化名称)13.请解释以下生活中的热现象，皮肤涂上酒精后觉得凉快是因为酒精__汽化__(填物态变化名称)时从人体吸热；夏天吃冰棒时看见冰棒冒“白气”是冰棒周围空气中的__水蒸气__遇冷液化形成的小水珠所致，在海拔高的地方烧开水不到100℃就已沸腾，原因是水的沸点随__气压__减小而降低。14．炎热的夏天，戴眼镜的小明从开着空调的屋里出来后，镜片上出现了一层薄雾而模糊不清，过一会儿，镜片又变得清晰起来，镜片上这两种现象对应的物态变化是先__液化__后__汽化__。15．在打扫教室清洁时，用湿抹布擦黑板，过一会儿黑板就会变干，这是水的__汽化__(填物态变称现象。夏天，从冰箱中取出一瓶饮料，空气中的水蒸气遇冷__液化__(填物态变化名称)成小水珠附着在饮料瓶外表面，水蒸气在液化过程中要__放热__(选填“吸热”或“放热”)。16.在“探究水的沸腾”实验时，小敏一边观察水中发生的现象，一边从水温91℃开始，每隔1 min记录一次温度计的示数(数据见记录表格)，直到水沸腾一段时间为止。(1)在此过程中，小敏观察到水中气泡有两种情况，分别如图甲、乙所示。图__甲__(选填“甲”或“乙”)是水沸腾时的情况。(2)由数据记录可知，在4 min到7 min这段时间内，水的温度没有变化，但酒精灯要持续进行加热，这说明水在沸腾时需要__吸热__。(3)根据表中实验数据，可知水的沸点是__99__℃；由水的沸点，可判断出当时的大气压__低于__(选填“高于”“等于”或“低于”)1标准大气压。17.镇江某药厂在制药时，为从溶液中提取某一抗菌素，要用加热的方法使水沸腾而除去水分，但抗菌素不能在超过90℃的条件下提取，应采用的方法是( C )A．增加容器内的气压，使水的沸点低于90 ℃B．用小火加热使其沸腾C．降低容器内的气压，使水的沸点低于90 ℃D．缩短加热沸腾的时间18.生活中常把碗放在锅里的水中蒸食物，如图所示。当锅里的水沸腾以后，碗中的水( C ) A．同时沸腾 B．稍后也沸腾了 C．温度达到沸点，不会沸腾 D．温度低于沸点，不会沸腾19.小李同学看到在沸腾的油锅中取铁球的表演后，得知锅中的“油”是由油和醋组成的混合液体，油的沸点为287 ℃，醋的沸点只有60 ℃，当温度达到__60__℃时液体就沸腾了，继续加热，液体的温度__不会__(选填“会”或“不会”)升高，表演时铁球的温度不可能超过__60__℃，只有当__醋全部汽化__时，继续加热，液体温度才会升高。20.．夏天，小雨将冰水和热水分别注入常温下的两只透明烧杯中，如图所示。一会儿发现两只烧杯的杯壁上都有一部分出现小水珠，变得模糊了。针对这一现象，下列说法正确的是( D ) A．甲、乙两杯都在内壁出现了水珠 B．甲、乙两杯都在外壁出现了水珠 C．甲杯的内壁出现了水珠，乙杯的外壁出现了水珠 D．甲杯的外壁出现了水珠，乙杯的内壁出现了水珠第五章 物态变化本章复习1．以下温度中接近23℃的是( A )A．让人感觉温暖而舒适的房间温度B．北方冬季最冷的气温C．健康成年人的体温D．冰水混合物的温度2．如图所示是一支常用体温计。下列关于该体温计的说法中，正确的是( D ) A．它的示数是8 ℃ B．它的分度值是1 ℃ C．它不能离开被测物体读数 D．它是根据液体热胀冷缩的规律制成的3．某工厂要生产三种温度计，厂内可以利用的液体有：比较贵的水银，很便宜的甲苯和酒精。为降低成本，又切实可行，请根据下表所给数据为以下几种温度计选用液体：几种液体的沸点/℃(标准大气压下)(1)能测出铅(熔点为328 ℃)、锡(熔点为232 ℃)熔点的温度计应选__水银__。(2)能测出开水温度的温度计应选__甲苯__。(3)家用的寒暑表应选__酒精__。4.下列现象与物态变化的对应关系中，正确的是( A ) A．加在饮料中的冰块逐渐变小——熔化
B．用久了的灯泡钨丝变细——熔化 C．在烈日下晾晒的湿衣服变干——升华 D．烧水时壶嘴冒着“白气”——汽化5．关于自然现象对应的物态变化及吸、放热过程，下列说法正确的是( B ) A．冰融化——凝固(放热) B．雾生成——液化(放热) C．露产生——汽化(吸热) D．霜形成——升华(放热)6．户外活动时，为了给食物保鲜，将结了冰的矿泉水和食物一起放在泡沫塑料箱中，就制成了一个简易冰箱。下列说法正确的是( A ) A．食物保鲜利用了冰熔化吸热 B．食物保鲜利用了矿泉水结冰放热 C．取出食物，外包装上的水珠是汽化形成的 D．取出食物，外包装上的水珠是升华形成的7．下列所述的物态变化中，属于液化现象的一组是( C )①吃冰棒解热；②烧开水时冒“白气”；③夏天湿衣服晾干；④冬天，戴眼镜的人从室外进入温暖的室内，镜片上出现一层雾。 A．①③ B．②③ C．②④ D．①④8．塑料袋属于非晶体、高压输电线路上飘挂的塑料袋会影响输电安全，供电部门利用光炮”向塑料袋发射激光，使塑料袋熔化，达到清除目的。下列说法错误的是( A )A．塑料袋熔化过程中温度不变B．塑料袋熔化过程中需要吸热C．激光具有能量D．激光在空气中传播的速度约为3×105 km/s9．下列现象中，属于吸热的物态变化是( C )A．春天，“天街小雨润如酥”B．夏天，剥开包装纸后冰棒会冒“白气”C．秋天，清晨的雾在太阳出来后散去D．冬天，“千里冰封”10．如图是宿迁地区某天天气预报的信息图片，关于图片中信息的解释正确的是( C ) A．预报的最低气温读作“摄氏零下1度” B．全天气温不会高于2 ℃ C．雪的形成过程中会放出热量 D．雨的形成是汽化现象11．超市里出售的海鲜周围要铺一层碎冰块，这是因为冰块__熔化__(填物态变化名称)时要__吸__(选填“放”或“吸”)热，所以能起到保鲜的作用；装着冰鲜鱼的袋子放在空气中一段时间后，袋子的外壁出现了一层冰珠，这是__液化__(填物态变化名称)现象。12．如图所示，一次性打火机里的燃料是一种叫丁烷的物质，通常情况下呈气态。它是在常温下，用压缩体积的方法使它__液化__后储存在打火机里；如果不小心将其摔坏，待里面的液体刚消失时，立刻捡起碎片，会感觉碎片较__冷__(选填“冷”或“热”)，这是因为里面的液体迅速__汽化__时要__吸收__大量的热13．小明利用如图甲所示装置探究冰的熔化特点，他每隔相同时间记录一次温度计的示数，并观察物质的状态。绘制成图像如图乙所示，下列分析错误的是( C ) A．冰是晶体 B．冰的熔点是0 ℃ C．冰的熔化过程持续了15分钟 D．冰在熔化过程中吸收热量，但温度不变14．如图是某种物质在凝固时温度随时间变化的图像，下面从图像中获得的信息正确的是( D ) A．这是非晶体的凝固图像 B．在AB段物质处于固液共存 C．该物质的凝固过程经历了15 min D．在BC段物质放热，温度保持不变15．对甲、乙两种物质同时持续加热，其温度随时间变化的图像如图所示，下列说法正确的是( C )A．甲物质的沸点一定是80 ℃B．乙物质的熔点一定是60 ℃C．甲物质在4～6 min内一定持续吸收热量D．乙物质在6～10 min内一定是固液共存态16．在探究“冰熔化时温度的变化规律”实验中：(1)实验时所用温度计是根据液体的__热胀冷缩__性质制成的。(2)为了使试管中的冰受热均匀，且便于记录各时刻的温度值，小明应选用__乙__(选填“甲”或“乙”)装置来进行实验。(3)如图丙所示是小明根据实验数据作出的加热时温度随时间变化的图像，分析图像可知，冰的熔点是__0__℃，熔化过程经历了__6__ min。(4)通过实验可知，冰熔化过程中温度__不变__，但要继续__吸__热。17．小云用如图甲所示装置探究水的沸腾(1)组装实验器材时，应按照__自下而上__(选填“自上而下”或“自下而上”)的顺序。实验室现有水银温度计(－20 ℃～120 ℃)、酒精温度计(－80 ℃～60 ℃)、体温计、寒暑表等不同种类的温度计，本实验应选用的温度计是__水银温度计__。(2)实验中，小云观察到水在沸腾前和沸腾时水中气泡的上升情况不同，如图甲、乙所示。表示沸腾前气泡上升情况的是图__乙__；水沸腾时，烧杯中不停地冒出“白气”，这些“白气”实际上是__小水滴__(选填“小冰晶”“小水滴”或“水蒸气”)。(3)实验中，小云撤去酒精灯后发现水继续沸腾了一段时间，原因是__石棉网的余热仍高于水的沸点__。
本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/0c3ce382a0c7aa00b52acfc789eb172ded6399c0.html
文档为doc格式